How Far Does General Haig Deserve to Be Known as ‘the Butcher of the Somme’ free essay sample

How far does General Haig deserve to be known as ‘The Butcher Of The Somme’? By the battle of the Somme in 1916 the war had been in a huge stalemate for 18 months that didn’t look like it was going to be broken any time soon. Trenches had been dug on the Western front all they way from the coast at Ostend to the Alps. Just before the offensive at the Somme, Verdun was under a heavy attack from German forces forcing the French to pull all their troops back to Verdun. General Haig was asked to relieve pressure of the French by French commanders. Therefore there was no choice but an offensive somewhere on the Western Front by the British army. I believe General Haig did deserve to be named Butcher of the Somme for several reasons. Firstly because of the number of casualties, secondly because of his naivety not to change his tactics and lastly due to the poor planning by Haig, On one hand there are several reasons why I believe he deserved to be called ‘The Butcher Of The Somme’. We will write a custom essay sample on How Far Does General Haig Deserve to Be Known as ‘the Butcher of the Somme’? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Firstly throughout the whole battle that only lasted five months, there were over one million casualties in all, around 600,000 of those were British soldiers, this included 57,000 on the first day that was the 1st of July 1916, for example 548 of the Sheffield Pals died on the first day, this is shown in source 27 of Ben Walsh’s book. This was the highest number of casualties ever recorded in British history in a single battle. It was believed that Haig did not care for his soldiers and in his mind if there was more German casualties than British casualties they would win the war in the end, this is shown in the source booklet where it says ‘Haig was as stubborn as a donkey and as unthinking as a donkey’, this shows that he didn’t care what happened as long as he achieved success even if he sacrificed his whole army to win. Lastly throughout the battle Haig changed very few of his tactics even though it was clear his tactic of sending waves of soldiers over the top wasn’t working. Even after losing hundreds of thousands of troops he sent more and more but still he had faith that eventually his army would breakthrough. His only change was that he brought in tanks that at first seemed like they might be the cause of a breakthrough and had early success but they soon failed as they broke down mid battle in no mans land. I also believe Haig planned poorly as he kept on using cavalry charges when he sniffed a breakthrough even they were easily shot down by machine gun fire, this is said in the source booklet, ‘whether cavalry could operate successfully on a front bristling for miles’, this shows his men didn’t even have confidence in some of his tactics and so this is why I believe he deserves the title of ‘The Butcher Of The Somme’. On the other hand some people believe he doesn’t deserve his title as ‘The Butcher Of The Somme’ because something had to been done about the whole situation. At Verdun the German army had launched an all out attack against the French army, for the Germans there plan was for a battle of attrition and so they wanted to pull in the French army to Verdun and then kill as many of them as possible but not to take Verdun. ‘The necessity of relieving pressure on the French army’ is said to be the main objective of the battle of the Somme said in Ben Walsh’s book. The German plan was going well and pressure needed to be taken off the French and so some think Haig had to send thousands to their death to cause a distraction and relieve pressure off the French army and so what he did was save more lives than he killed. Secondly some believe he doesn’t deserve his title because it was a battle in the midst of a great war and there was going to be casualties no matter what, this is said in the source booklet, ‘The nation must be taught to bear losses’, this shows Haig was expecting many casualties but all we could do was just except the fact that many were going to die. Lastly some people believe he doesn’t deserve the title due to the fact that because of the battle the British morale was increased and the German decreased as supposedly the ‘Best of the old German army’, was dead and so their replacements were inexperienced soldiers who didn’t know what to do and so some believe ‘Haig was one of the main architects of the Allied Victory’ as said in source H of the source booklet and without him the Allies may have lost the war. In conclusion I believe General Haig does deserve the title of ‘the Butcher of the Somme’ due to the number of casualties, tactics and fact that his planning was poor as shown that he didn’t even realise his bombardment would make holes in the barbed wire this is proven by source C of the source booklet as it says ‘Hundreds were strung out on the barbed wire’ showing hey still had to climb over as their were no holes in it. Even though some people believe he doesn’t deserve the title as they think he wanted a break through, not a battle of attrition and so was trying his hardest to do this by any means necessary. This is why I believe he does deserve his title as ‘The Butcher Of The Somme’.

The Progressive Era (Woodrow Wilson and T.R.) Essay Example For Students

The Progressive Era (Woodrow Wilson and T.R.) Essay Industrialization led to the rise of big businesses at the expense of the worker. Factory laborers faced long hours, low wages, and unsanitary conditions. The large corporations protected themselves by allying with political parties. The parties, in turn, were controlled by party leaders, rather than by the members. Many people felt that all power rested with the politicians and businessmen. Reformers known as Progressives attempted to undo the problems caused by industrialization. The Progressive movement sought to end the influence of large corporations, provide more rights and benefits to workers, and end the control possessed by party leaders. At the national level, Progressivism centered on defeating the power of large businesses. The Progressive Era was a period in American history in which improving working conditions, exposing corruption, improving the way of life, expanding democracy, and making reforms were the objectives at hand. With the emergence of the Progressive Era two important figures gradually emerged as well. One of the mentioned figures, President Theodore Roosevelt, succeeded to the Presidency when President McKinley was assassinated in 1901, helped the Progressive movement greatly. President Theodor Roosevelt, the most dominant personality of the Progressive Era, targeted monopolistic business practices for reform. Roosevelt persuaded Congress to create a Bureau of Corporations to investigate and regulate big business, then brought an anti-trust suit against J.P. Morgans Northern Securities Company, a railroad trust controlled by the Wall Street financier, with the United States Supreme Court upholding the closure of the trust in the case of Northern Securities Co. v. United States issued in 1904. During Roosevelts Administration, over 40 major corporations were sued for antitrust or price-fixing violations. Roosevelt greatly expanded the powers of the government within the economy, often by endorsing new power for organized labor to organize and put forth leverage against employers. By supporting labor in the settlement of the Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902, Roosevelt became the first president to assume such a direct role in intervening in labor disputes, inc luding the threatened use of the U.S. Army to seize the coal mines and operate them until the owners agreed to arbitration to settle the strike. Rosevelt unlike many of his successors really took advantage of the power given to him as president. During his presidency he revived the Sherman Antitrust Act ,which was an act that sought to prevent companies from combining into trusts and gaining monopolies. Roosevelt was also one to enforce the Hepburn Act, which allowed the Interstate Commmerce Commission to regulate railroads. The railroads had allied themselves with large businesses, charging higher rates to those business competitors. By enacting the Hepburn act he prevented large businesses from gaining even more power. Roosevelt also championed the cause of conservation. He set aside large amounts of land as part of the national park system. Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson, the scholarly governor of New Jersey called for moral revival and reform, including low tariffs, the breaking up of all monopolies, and for the government to be an umpire in disputes between labor and business. One of the first successes of his administration was the lowering of tariffs, which he accomplished in 1913. Wilson believed that increased foreign competition would spur U.S. based manufacturers to lower prices and improve their goods. That same year, Wilson passed the Federal Reserve Act, which created twelve regional banks that would be run by a central board in the capitol. This system gave the government more control over banking activities. Wilson also pushed for governmental control over business. In 1914, Democrat-controlled congress established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to investigate companies that participated in suspected unfair and illegal trade practices. Wilson also supported the Clayton Antitrust Act, which joined th e Sherman Antitrust Act as one the governments tools to fight trusts the same year.By the end of Wilsons First term, progressives had won many victories. Many American citizens eagerly demanded a change in numerous areas such as business, labor, the economy, and an increase of democracy. Democracy flourished during the Progressive Era. Many new plans were constructed to help the American People. This was the true goal of all Progressives, to help the American society. It was definitely a movement of passion in which the most important figures truly fought for its people. It was rather disappointing, though, that the entire movement lost steam as Americans became much more interested in international affairs, towards the end of Wilsons presidency, when war had broken out in Europe in 1914.

Life in the Kenya Refugee Camp

The onset of the politically instigated violence in my country meant that circumstances had taken a turn for the worst. The future seemed bleaker for me and scores of others who had now been left in this world with minimal hope to hang onto. I acknowledged that life had to be redefined. I had to carry the tag of a refugee, a position that came with immense challenges especially being in a foreign country called Kenya.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Life in the Kenya Refugee Camp specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Xenophobia was the first significant challenge that I encountered in my new status, in society. Kenya is a nation with predominantly distinct people, being a foreigner does not make circumstances better. After traveling for a significant period, I arrived at the refugee camp called†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The patches of my country men gave me some sense of belonging. However, the native s had deeply rooted xenophobic feelings and were so spiteful of the foreigners. This position could not do any better in curbing the nostalgic feelings that were taking a toll on me. Life was steadily becoming unbearable due to the feelings pertaining to negativity. A chronic shortage of food characterizes life in the camps, the over 50,000 refugees depended on the irregular hand outs from the UNHCR, Red Cross and other well wishers. The food rations are, however, so little and are not balanced. I was once struck by a bout of malnutrition and longing for a good meal. The situation is even worse for children, women and the sick because they can not fight for food with the strong refugees. The limited or absence of water supply does not make life interesting in the camp. Most camps are hardship areas and lie close to the desert and other arid areas, thus water scarcity becomes a key challenge. The water supplied by the Red Cross and UNHCR is hardly enough to cook, leave alone bathing or washing clothes. Life then becomes complicated as the sun scorches consequently making life uncomfortable. This is because Kenya lies in the tropical region. This is coupled with food shortage consequently resulting in frequent cases of human dehydration and starvation. Inadequacy of healthcare services is another grave challenge that I faced in the camp. Medical staff as illustrated by the nurse and doctor is rarely available at the camp. We had to depend on mobile clinics that did rounds in the camp at irregular levels. The drugs presented were questionable since they did little to alleviate the pain I was experiencing.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These conditions led to unwarranted deaths that could easily be prevented had there been proper medical care. It is noteworthy that malaria is an ailment that was common in the camps. I remember my dear friend Said undergoing medic al tribulations due to poor attention by the therapeutic personnel. The frequent tribal clashes in the neighborhood could not make life any better in the refugee camp. At some point, I even thought their major economic activity was cattle rustling due to the frequency in which such activities occurred. This made numbers in the camp increase since the locals became internally displaced and moved to the camp. That served to further strain the relationship between the natives and foreigners, in addition, to aggravating the food and water crises. Insecurity was so rife in the camp. It is noteworthy that the empty shelters within the camp harbored criminals who then invaded the camp. This is with the aim of terrorizing the refugees. They even went further to sexually abuse women and young girls; furthermore, they torched the camps for reasons best understood by them. They were so inhumane that they eve stole the scarce food rations that we had been allotted by persons of good will. I ded uced such an occurrence as the most detestable human act that culminates in strife. Refugee life means that acquisition of information and knowledge has to be forfeited. Information is either unavailable or inaccessible. As a refugee, I remained unaware of the happenings in the world. I became so ignorant that I did not even know my privileges, constitutional rights and limitations as a refugee. Educational facilities are particularly scarce and nearly all of them are intricate to access. Being in a foreign country, I experienced a sociocultural shock. People dressed differently, worshipped in dissimilar ways; furthermore, such persons went about their life in a manner that was foreign to me. As a refugee, I had no option but to conform and even do things that in my society were considered socially improper. I had no option but do it in order to fit into the society. Life as a refugee in Africa entails a lot of compromises especially on issues that an individual considers wrong. Fai lure to compromise means that an individual is unlikely to survive in the host nation. Life in the refugee camp is so challenging with so little to smile about as most things are done against your will and are a betrayal of your beliefs. This essay on Life in the Kenya Refugee Camp was written and submitted by user Alain to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Effective Communication in Health Care Essay Example

Effective Communication in Health Care Essay Example Effective Communication in Health Care Essay Effective Communication in Health Care Essay There are many different ways that that a Medical Organization could be ran effectively and successful. As a dental technician in the USAF the type of organizational model used is based upon the Matrix model because there is usually two or more forms of supervision that one has to adhere to be successful in administering and completing patient care (Lombardi, Schermerhorn, Kramer, 2007). To be successful at any type of organization employees must be informed from the leadership and be able to come to their leadership with problems or concerns the way this is done within the dental clinic is through group meetings and utilization of chain of command (Personnel, 2011). The techniques that have been most effective for sharing ideas and information throughout the clinic include weekly meeting and suggestion box, those that are ineffective for sharing ideas and information have been emails and meetings held to close to lunch or the end of the duty day. In a health care work environment some of the techniques have to be modified, because of HIPAA (Hartley, Jones, Sullivan , David, 2010). Technology effects the process of sharing ideas and information because without technology emails, power point presentations at meetings, and so on would not be accessible to benefit expedited communication. Within a matric model organization like the dental clinic in the USAF there are many forms of techniques for communication that are effective and sometimes ineffective at sharing ideas and information amongst employees to benefit successful patient care. Organization Model within the Dental Clinic The matrix model is the organizational model that is used in the dental clinic within the United States air force. This model consists of teams that work together with often overlapping duties in order to accomplish a united goal in patient care (Lombardi, Schermerhorn, Kramer, 2007). This model is really effective because in the military everyone has to be trained in every area of their duty title in order to be able to accomplish patient care whether someone is deployed, moving, or temporarily working at another facility (TDY). As dental technicians within the military answering to more than one superior is detrimental to mission effectiveness, there is a person of direct leadership within the part of the clinic that you are working and a person of leadership that supervises and rates on the dental technician exclusively. Sharing Knowledge and Solving Problems within the Dental Clinic The dental clinic in the USAF has specific procedures for sharing knowledge and solving problems within the dental clinic. The chain of command and group meetings are indispensable practices that help with communication amongst employees. The chain of command takes issue or information brought down by the commander (highest ranking authority, dentist) and shares them with those beneath him so that they can disperse the information to the rest of the group (Personnel, 2011). This gives the commander a chance to handle greater issues while the information is simultaneously handed down the ranks. The leadership beneath the commander often calls group meetings to address problems and disperse information the commander has to share with the group. Techniques that are the Most and Least Effective within the Dental Clinic In sharing ideas and problems with the leadership to the rest of the group some techniques are really effective and others are not. Weekly meetings and the suggestion box are two techniques that are very helpful to share information and solve problems. These weekly meetings are snippets of the monthly meetings and often involve groups within a specific working area working on a particular project. The suggestion box allows anyone to put any suggestion or issue written down and placed in a box and the management team reviews these weekly and discusses resolutions at the monthly meetings. This helps those who do not like to speak in open forums such as the monthly/weekly meetings to still have their concerns heard. Ineffective ways of sharing information are emails and meetings held close to the end of the day/lunch. Emails are sometimes not that effective because many people do not have a chance to read them more than once a day because of the high patient care volume so some emails may have delayed answers or information. Meeting held close to lunch/end of day have slim attendance because people might still be held up in patient care. Techniques Applied/Modified in a Health Care Environment In the dental clinic many techniques that share knowledge or solve problems must be modified or applied in a different way because of HIPAA. HIPAA is a privacy act enacted within the 1990’s that ensures patient care is confidential. Emails sent that discuss patient care must not include any direct private information unless completely necessary, and if so, must have a privacy act disclaimer attached (Hartley, Jones, Sullivan , David, 2010). The suggestion box must also not have patient information present because it is not locked up, therefore information could be put in the wrong hands. Technology’s Effect on Techniques for Sharing info within Health Care Technology is definitely an essential part of almost every technique involved with sharing information within the dental clinic or any health care field. Without technology tools such as power point presentations used at meetings and emails used to forward important information to personnel communication would be affected. Technology is ever growing in health care today and the use of electronic records and electronic appointment systems are often the backbone of any health care organization. Conclusion For the matrix model organizational structure of the dental clinic in the USAF there are many techniques that help in sharing information and solving problems some greatly effective and others, not so much (Lombardi, Schermerhorn, Kramer, 2007). The dental clinic shares knowledge and informs employees through monthly meetings and the chain of command (Personnel, 2011). Weekly meetings and the suggestion box are very effective at sharing information while emails and meetings to close to lunch/end of the duty day are not. These techniques are modified or applied differently in a health care environment because of HIPAA (Hartley, Jones, Sullivan , David, 2010). Technology has also affected these techniques because the use of technology via power point presentations, emails, and so on is the back bone of sharing ideas/information in health care today. Organization structure is very important and how information and solving problems within a health care organization effectively can greatly improve the overall goal of successful patient care!

Copperhead Snake Facts (Agkistrodon contortrix)

Copperhead Snake Facts (Agkistrodon contortrix) The copperhead snake (Agkistrodon contortrix) gets its common name from its coppery reddish-brown head. Copperheads are pit vipers, related to rattlesnakes and moccasins. Snakes in this group are venomous and have a deep pit on either side of the head that detects infrared radiation or heat. Fast Facts: Copperhead Scientific Name: Agkistrodon contortrixCommon Names: Copperhead, highland moccasin, pilot snake, white oak snake, chunk headBasic Animal Group: ReptileSize: 20-37 inchesWeight: 4-12 ouncesLifespan: 18 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Eastern North AmericaPopulation: Over 100,000Conservation Status: Least Concern Description Copperheads may be distinguished from other pit vipers by their color, pattern, and body shape. A copperhead is tan to pink with 10 to 18 darker hourglass- or dumbbell-shaped crossbands on its back. Its head is solid copper-brown. The snake has a broad head, distinct neck, stout body, and thinner tail. A copperhead has tan to reddish brown eyes and vertical pupils. The average adult snake is between 2 and 3 feet in length and weighs from 4 to 12 ounces. Females have longer bodies than males, but males have longer tails. Habitat and Distribution Copperheads live in the United States, from southern New England to northern Florida and across to western Texas. They extend into Chihuahua and Coahuila in Mexico. The snake occupies a variety of habitats, including forests, swamps, rocky woodlands, and along rivers and streams. Copperhead snake range. Craig Pemberton Diet and Behavior Copperheads are ambush predators that camouflage themselves against the leaves and soil and wait for prey. They find their targets by heat and scent. About 90% of their diet consists of small rodents. They also eat frogs, birds, smaller snakes, and large insects. Copperheads climb trees to forage on caterpillars and emerging cicadas, but are otherwise terrestrial. Except for mating and hibernating, the snakes are solitary. The snakes hibernate in the winter, often sharing a den with other copperheads, rat snakes, and rattlesnakes. They feed during the day in spring and autumn, but are nocturnal during hot summer months. Reproduction and Offspring Copperheads breed anywhere from spring to late summer (February to October). However, neither males nor females necessarily breed every year. Males wrestle in ritual combat for breeding rights. The winner may then have to battle the female. The female stores sperm and may defer fertilization for several months, usually until after hibernating. She gives birth to 1 to 20 live young, each measuring about 8 inches in length. The young resemble their parents, but they are lighter colored and have yellowish-green tipped tails, which they use to lure lizards and frogs for their first meals. Baby copperheads are born with fangs and venom that is as potent as that of adults. Females sometimes reproduce via parthenogenesis, an asexual mode of reproduction that does not require fertilization. Copperheads reach sexual maturity when they are about 2 feet long, which is around 4 years of age. They live 18 years in the wild, but they may live 25 years in captivity. Juvenile copperhead snakes have yellowish green tail tips. JWJarrett, Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the copperhead conservation status as least concern. Over 100,000 adult snakes live in North America, with a stable, slowly declining population size. For the most part, copperheads are not subject to significant threats. Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation diminish snake numbers about 10% every ten years. In particular, populations are geographically separated in Mexico. Copperheads and Humans Copperheads are responsible for biting more people than any other snake species. While the copperhead prefers to avoid humans, it freezes instead of slithering away. The snake is difficult to spot, so people unknowingly step too close or onto the animal. Like other New World vipers, copperheads vibrate their tail when approached. They also release a cucumber-smelling musk when touched. When threatened, the snake usually delivers a dry (nonvenomous) bite or low-dose warning bite. The snake uses its venom to incapacitate prey prior to ingestion. Since people are not prey, copperheads tend to conserve their venom. However, even the full amount of venom is rarely fatal. Small children, pets, and persons allergic to snake venom are most at risk. Copperhead venom is hemolytic, which means it breaks red blood cells. Bite symptoms include extreme pain, nausea, throbbing, and tingling. While its important to seek immediate medical attention if bitten, usually antivenin is not administered because it poses a greater risk than the copperhead bite. Copperhead venom contains a protein called contortrostatin that may help slow tumor growth and cancer cell migration. Sources Ernst, Carl H.; Barbour, Roger W. Snakes of Eastern North America. Fairfax, Virginia: George Mason University Press, 1989. ISBN 978-0913969243.Finn, Robert. Snake Venom Protein Paralyzes Cancer Cells. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 93 (4): 261–262, 2001. doi:10.1093/jnci/93.4.261Frost, D.R., Hammerson, G.A., Santos-Barrera, G. Agkistrodon contortrix. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T64297A12756101. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64297A12756101.enGloyd, H.K., Conant, R. Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 1990. ISBN 0-916984-20-6.McDiarmid, R.W., Campbell, J.A., Tourà ©, T.  Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists League, 1999. ISBN 1-893777-01-4.

#2,#3,#4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

#2,#3,#4 - Essay Example The four Es refers to: having positive energy; being able to energize other people; ability to make critical decisions; and ability to get work done in the required manner. Looking at the article â€Å"How to Conduct Interviews† it is noticeable that none of the information entailed in the article would be new for a typical student in BNAD 301. Just like it was taught during BNAD 301 lectures it is of importance for an interviewer to prepare in advance by creating a structure and agenda for the interviewing process. It is also notable that the article points out that an interviewer should consider creating questions in four categories, namely: fact-finding, problem-solving, creative-thinking, and behavioural. Fact finding questions will help and interviewer in finding details such as skills and experience of the candidates. Creative thinking questions are important in determining the extent to which the candidate can be creative. Problem solving questions are important in finding out the extent to which a candidate can use critical thinking in solving problems. Behavioural question can help in knowing how a candidate will react to certain situat ions. The article also asserts that it is always important to interview the candidate in person whenever possible. This helps in observation of interviewees’ non-verbal cues and communication skills. Taking notes is also given emphasis as it had been in BNAD 301 since it helps in making sure that an interviewer is able to use the details for the final decision later. Sometimes an interviewer might forget some of the details and observations made during the interview process. However, there are some new things that can be learnt from this article. For instance,even a typical student in BNAD 301 will find the information about taking candidates off campus for a meal or drink after the formal interview process is over new.

Film Lost in Translation Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Lost in Translation - Movie Review Example In fact, the movie clearly traffics in stereotypes, but it does depart from the Hollywood's tradition of Orientalism. However, in the narration film, there is not much complexity as According to several critics, Sofia Coppola’s Oscar-winning film Lost in Translation seems to depict the Japanese culture in an American way and there is essential distortion to several aspects of the modern Japanese culture all through the film. While the vast majority of critics give their thumbs up for this national hit, few critics of essential consideration voice interesting opinions to the contrary and criticize the film’s version of the Japanese culture. Whereas there is no question about the quality of the production, all the controversy concerning the film results from the way the Japanese culture is presented in the film. It is truly a very significant modern illustration of the concept of ‘Orientalism’ which Said held decades before. Thus, the two lead characters of t he movie are criticized as exemplifying the Americans abroad with a sense of superiority and shameless ignorance. There are some important critics of the movie who strongly argue that the movie is racist in some ways and many scenes in the film support such an argument. â€Å"Many of the jokes rely heavily on the stereotypes of Japanese, and seem to parade modern Japanese culture as something ridiculous†¦ Many scenes in the film do support this argument [i.e. the movie as racist]. For instance, Bob and Charlotte make fun of the inability of the Japanese people to distinguish R's and L's. If you consider the situation in reverse, you could perhaps see how offensive this might be to some Another scene at a Japanese restaurant, Bob takes advantage of the fact that the Japanese chef cannot understand English. He not only tells Charlotte to take one of her shoes off, but also yells condescendingly at the chef" (Suematsu). Therefore, one identifies, all through the film, several ins tances of the American way of viewing the Eastern culture, specifically the Japanese culture. Said's notion of 'Orientalism' helps one in understanding the American view of the Japanese culture and supports the important argument that the movie is racist in some ways. The ideas, cultures, and histories of the East are understood or studied in the West through configurations of power and there was an essential Western endeavor through which the Orient was created - or it caused, in the words of Said, the "Orientalized" concepts of the East. "The relationship between Occident and Orient is a relationship of power, of domination, of varying degrees of a complex hegemony" (Said 1978, P. 5). Lost in Translation can be significantly comprehended as making a major